Fabric Terms

The following list contains fabric terms and their definitions for your reference...Enjoy!


Aniline Dyed Leather – leather that has been soaked in a transparent dye, allowing the natural characteristics of the leather to show through


Backing – a coating applied to the back of fabrics and rugs to provide better strength and stability


Batiste – a fine fabric made from the choicest cotton yarns


Bouclé –  a yarn with bumps or loops along the length producing a texture when woven


Brocade – satin weave fabric with a raised floral design. Traditionally in silk, now available in cottons and blends, can contain metallic threads.


Canvas – a tightly woven cotton fabric also known as ‘duck’


Charmeuse – a soft, smooth, satin-like fabric with a lustrous front, and a matte, or crepe back


Chenille – French for ‘caterpillar’; soft fuzzy yarns, upholstery may have light latex backing


Chintz – cotton fabric glazed with a resin finish creating a soft sheen known to repel dirt


Corduroy – heavy fabric with evenly spaced ridges or wales


Damask – a 13th century weave, alternating matte & satin finishes to create a reversible fabric


Dobby – a decorative fabric weave usually in a small geometric pattern. Typically used at the end of bath towels.


Finish – a treatment producing napping, embossing, glazing, waterproofing, or wrinkle resistance


Hand – refers to the softness, firmness, and elasticity of a fabric


Jacquard – fabric woven on a Jacquard loom where each warp yarn is controlled separately to create an intricate pattern. Damasks, tapestries, and brocades are examples.


fabric bolts

Matelassé – French for ‘cushioned’; soft fabric that appears quilted


Moiré – ribbed fabric with wavy watermarks produced by engraving rollers. Taffeta is an example.


Muslin – a gauzy cotton fabric


Ottoman – a heavy, stiffly ribbed fabric with silk warp and cotton weft


Percale – a smooth-textured, closely woven cotton or polyester blend fabric, commonly used in sheeting


Piqué – a closely woven ribbed fabric with ribs or cords made from cotton or silk


Sateen – cotton fabric loomed with fill yarns that float over warp yarns to create a smooth, satiny hand and a lustrous finish


Seersucker – light to medium weight fabric woven with varying levels of tension on the warp yarns to create puckered stripes that alternate with smooth stripes


Shantung – a heavy fabric made from spun wild silk, with a rough, nubby texture


Sheer – thin translucent fabric. Lace or muslin are examples.


Silk Dupioni – pure silk, woven from double cocoons creating a slubby texture


Taffeta – fabric with subtle ribbing and silky texture


Tapestry – heavy woven fabric


Toile – a printed fabric that mimics a romanticized landscape or floral design


Tweed – coarsely woven fabric made from natural or synthetic fibers


Twill – fabric with diagonal grain. Herringbone, denim, and gabardine are examples.


Velvet – soft luxurious fabric with a short dense pile


Voile – fine, lightweight fabric. Ideal for sheers.


Warp – set of fixed fibers running the length of a loom, top to bottom. Applies to fabrics and rugs.


Weft – set of fixed fibers running the width of a loom, left to right. Applies to fabrics and rugs.

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